"Code","Short","Notes"
"00","Found","Found; no mention of the bird or its body in recovery report."
"01","Bird found","Found; bird or body mentioned in recovery letter."
"02","Ring only found","Ring only found in circumstances where it is uncertain if the ring had been moved since the bird died."
"03","Leg & ring only found","Ring and leg only found in natural circumstances."
"04","Not defined","Code 04 is not used."
"05","Not defined","Code 05 is not used."
"06","Found on ship","Found on ship unless there is further indication that the bird was caught in fishing gear, hit wires, attracted to lights etc."
"07","Attracted to domestic animals","Joined or attracted to domestic livestock (but not if the bird was shot or trapped to protect the animals to which it has been attracted)."
"08","Ringing casualty","Dead or seriously harmed by ringer through catching or handling processes."
"09","Ring caused recovery","Recovery caused by the ring or mark on the bird - including entangled because of the ring or injuries caused by the ring."
"10","Shot","Shot — for reasons other than codes 12 - 16."
"11","Found shot","Found shot."
"12","Crop protection - shot","Shot to protect crops, foodstuffs, animals or game species."
"13","Nature conservation - shot","Shot in the course of nature protection procedures."
"14","Public safety - shot","Shot to protect human life ­ e.g. air­strike prevention, human health (roosts on buildings or at drinking water reservoirs)."
"15","Shot for plumage/skin/science","Shot to provide plumage for decoration or commerce (taxidermy; fishing lures etc.) OR shot as part of a scientific investigation."
"16","Shot because of ring","Shot because it was ringed or marked."
"17","Not defined","Code 17 is not used."
"18","Not defined","Code 18 is not used."
"19","Hunted","Capturado, tué, chassé, tué à la chasse etc. ­ words or phrases used to indicate the bird has been hunted probably shot."
"20","Intentionally taken","Hunted, trapped, poisoned intentionally by man but not shot and not for reasons using codes 21 - 29."
"21","Caged","Trapped for caging. NB: birds taken into captivity for treatment are not included here."
"22","Crop protection","Trapped, poisoned etc. to protect crops, foodstuffs, animals or game species. Not shot - compare with code 12."
"23","Nature conservation","Trapped, poisoned etc. during nature protection procedures. Not shot - compare with code13."
"24","Public safety","Trapped, poisoned etc. to protect human life. Not shot - compare with code 14."
"25","Scientific investigation","Trapped, poisoned etc. for plumage or during scientific investigation. Not shot - compare with code 15."
"26","Taken because of ring","Trapped, poisoned etc. because it was ringed. Not shot - compare with code 16."
"27","At nestbox/artificial site","Found at or in nestbox or other structure specially placed or modified by man for birds to use. Compare with code 46."
"28","Metal ring read in field","Ring number of metal ring read in field without the bird being caught."
"29","Colour mark record","Use codes 80 - 89 if more information is available about the type of colour mark."
"30","Oil victim","Oil."
"31","Discarded human materials","Contact with discarded human materials (old tins, discarded fishing line, metal swarf, plastic, sticky substances but not oil."
"32","Human artefact","Contact with human artefacts which are still in use and NOT intended as protection against birds or set to trap birds or other animals ­ e.g. tangled in barbed wire; caught in sports netting; caught in fish­nets hanging to dry on the shore."
"33","Nets to protect crops","Entangled in crop protection nets or unwoven threads/fibres (including fruit netting, nets over stored food or fish­ponds)."
"34","Trap set for other species","Accidentally trapped where the intention was to trap other species of birds or vertebrates."
"35","Electrocuted","Electrocuted. This over­rides codes for Hit wires (43) or Entered building (46) if electrocution appears the major cause of death."
"36","Radioactivity","Radioactivity."
"37","Poisoned: poison identified","Poisoned through chemical pollution. Chemical(s) identified. Use codes 20 - 26 or 34 if poisoning was deliberate."
"38","Poisoned: poison not identified","Poisoned through chemical pollution but identity of chemical agent (agents) not known."
"39","Not defined","Code 39 is not used."
"40","Road casualty","Road ­ used with the field ""circumstances presumed"" (column 80) to indicate: 0 definitely through impact with road vehicle; 1 presumed impact; 2 moved by vehicle from point of impact"
"41","Railway casualty","Railway - used with the field ""circumstances presumed"" as for code 40."
"42","Aircraft casualty","Aircraft - used with the field ""circumstances presumed"" as for code 40. "
"43","Hit wires","Collision with (or presumed) THIN man­made structure ­ wires, wires, masts, cables, ship's rigging, aerials etc."
"44","Hit glass","Collision with (or presumed) glass or other transparent materials ­ windows, wind­breaks, windows of static vehicles."
"45","Hit man-made structure","Collision with (or presumed) THICK man­made structure - building, bridge, etc."
"46","Entered building","Entered man­made structure NOT built or modified to trap animals (code 34) or as a nest­box (code 27) ­ building, letter­box, etc. "
"47","Dazzled by lights","Attracted to lights (not being used as a deliberate trapping method) ­ often associated with foggy weather."
"48","Active human enterprise","Recovered as a result of active human occupations not covered by other codes - industrial, agricultural, forestry, sporting, military."
"49","Artificial water container","Drowned in artificial water container: water butt, forestry fire tank etc. where the edges of the water surface are artificial and may trap any bird in the water (NB: category 70 would apply to a garden pond)."
"50","Found with injury","Contusions, breaks, general trauma where no other cause given."
"51","Malformation","Malformations - congenital, mechanical (e.g. from broken bill) or from tumours."
"52","Fungal infection","Fungal infections (e.g. aspergillosis etc.)."
"53","Viral infection","Viral infections."
"54","Bacterial infection","Bacterial infections (but use code 56 for Botulism)."
"55","Endoparasites","Other endoparasites (e.g. blood­parasites, nematodes, trematodes etc.)."
"56","Botulism","Botulism."
"57","Red Tide","Red­tide (dinoflagellate poisoning)."
"58","Found sick","Combination of any of the above without definite single cause being known."
"59","Veterinary report available","Veterinary examination made and report available ­ no positive conclusions."
"60","Taken by animal","Taken by unspecified animal (but use code 20 if taken by falconer's trained bird)."
"61","Taken by cat","Taken by cat."
"62","Taken by domestic animal","Taken by other domestic animal or one in captivity (e.g. farmed mink or zoo animals, includes poultry, reptiles etc. in captivity) but use code 20 if taken by falconer's trained bird."
"63","Taken by wild mammal","Taken by wild or feral mammal (include escaped mink)."
"64","Taken by owl or raptor","Taken by owl or raptor ­ exact identification of predator available."
"65","Taken by predatory bird","Taken by owl or raptor ­ exact identification of predator not known."
"66","Taken by bird","Taken by other species of bird (not conspecific)."
"67","Taken by a conspecific","Taken by conspecific."
"68","Taken by reptile, amphibian or fish","Taken by reptile, amphibian or fish."
"69","Taken by other animals","Taken by invertebrate (e.g. wasp, ant, bee, spider etc)."
"70","Drowned","Drowned ­ but use code 49 if drowned in an artificial water container."
"71","Tangled in natural object","Tangled in natural object (e.g. tree, sheep's wool etc.). NB: tangling by ring or mark is coded 09."
"72","In natural hole","In natural hole or cave."
"73","Collision with natural object","Collided with any sort of natural object (e.g. tree, cliff etc.). If collision during violent storm etc. use code 78."
"74","Cold weather","Poor condition with indication that cold weather was cause."
"75","Hot weather","Poor condition with indication that hot weather was cause."
"76","Poor condition","Poor condition.  Starvation or thirst may be mentioned but no indication of cause leading to poor condition of the bird."
"77","Iced in","Caught in ice."
"78","Violent weather","Violent climatological phenomena were involved in the recovery ­ strong winds, tempests, hail, whirlwind, floods etc."
"80","Identified by other means","Bird identified as an individual in the field by something other than the metal ring."
"81","Identified from leg ring(s)","Bird identified from coloured or numbered leg ring(s)."
"82","Identified from neck ring(s)","Bird identified from coloured or numbered neck ring(s)."
"83","Identified from wing tags","Bird identified from wing tags."
"84","Identified with radio tracking","Bird identified using radio tracking."
"85","Identified with satellite tracking","Bird identified using satellite tracking."
"86","Identified from transponder","Bird identified using transponder."
"87","Identified from nasal tags","Bird identified from nasal mark(s)."
"88","Identified from flight feathers","Bird identified from flight feather(s) stamped with the ring number."
"89","Identified from body painting","Bird identified from body or wing painting."
"99","Unknown","No information at all. (e.g. ring number written on postcard with no mention of the bird, whether found, whether dead or alive.)"
79,"Not defined","Code 79 is not used."
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